Greek Golden Age essays

Greek Golden Age essays This paper tells you about the Golden Age of Greece, which is from 500 to 350 BC. It tells about what Greeks did, who they worshipped, and other important things. The thing the Greeks are best known for, is their gods, and stories about them. The stories explained how things became. For instance, one story said that before the earth was made, there was a fight between a god, and a giant. The god killed the giant, and the parts of the giant became the earth. His teeth became the rocks, and his hair became the grass. His hands and feet became mountains, and his toes and fingers became trees. Some of the gods were Zeus, who was the ruler of all the gods, Hera was his wife, and Hermes was his messenger. Artemis was the goddess of the moon, and Apollo was the god of the sun. Poseidon was the god of the sea, Loki, the god of mischief, and, Dionysus, the god of wine. The Greeks, made sacrifices to the gods, so that the gods would honor them, and help them in times of trouble. They sacrificed animals, and other things that were special to them. The Greeks built temples, where they worshipped the gods. Each city had several temples, because each temple was used to worship one god. In each temple, there was a statue of a god that they worshipped. They had an extra big temple, and statue for the god that guarded their city. The Greeks had lots of heroes, who were like role models for their children. Hercules was the strongest man ever, and destroyed many monsters with his strength. Perseus had killed a monster called the Medusa. If someone looked at it, they would immediately turn to stone. Oddysseus beat the Trojans in the Trojan war, and on his way home, with his cunning, tricked, and killed many monsters. The Greeks are also known for their creativity, and knowledge in arts, such as making sculptures, music, and paintings. They made statues out of clay, gold, silver, and bronze. For instruments, they used harps and flutes. ...

College GPA Does It Really Matter

College GPA Does It Really Matter Freaking out about your GPA? Sure, you’ve been told your whole life that grades are the difference between becoming a millionaire and having a lifelong career at Taco Bell. As a college student, that idea is emphasized even more, with many vital courses for your degree having specific GPA requirements. As the end of the semester approaches, you may be spending sleepless nights worrying about whether you did enough to get your GPA to that millionaire-level or if you should just learn how to make a killer Mexican Pizza. Fortunately, your GPA isn’t all that it’s cracked up to be. In fact, there are several very real reasons why your grades aren’t the end-all be-all of your college experience. Just take a look at these facts and statistics about GPA and you may be able to relax enough to keep your current grade level in perspective. 60-70% of HR recruiters think that GPA is important Okay, so GPA is important. In fact, when you’re looking for a job after college, a majority of hiring managers will want to see a GPA above 3.0. Still, if you haven’t met that magical arbitrary number, don’t worry. A full 30-40% of businesses don’t even look at GPA. Instead, they’ll be interested to see what kinds of extracurricular, community, and volunteer experiences you’ve had. 43% of letter grades given are A’s In a recent study from Teacher’s College Record, almost half of all grades that are given are A’s. This means that getting a 4.0 really doesn’t mean what it used to. Many employers know this and understand that being good at kissing the teacher’s butt doesn’t necessarily mean that a person is smarter or more qualified. Lots of influential organizations like Google and America don’t care about GPA Lazlo Bock, the Senior VP of People Operations for Google said in a New York Times interview, â€Å"GPA’s are a worthless criteria for hiring, and test scores are worthless†¦We found that they don’t predict anything.† This is proving to be a very valuable theory, with many CEOs, business leaders, and even president’s not boasting very high GPA’s. Remember what George W. Bush said: â€Å"To all the C-students: I say, you too can be president of the United States.† 45% of college dropouts leave school with a GPA between 2.0 and 3.0 The pressure to get good grades and keep them can be so overwhelming for some students that it will push them out of college altogether. It’s all about how students perceive their success. According to research from the Education Advisory Board (EAB), students who have a mixture of B’s and C’s are more likely to stay in school than those with a mix of A’s and F’s. Despite their equal potential, focusing on â€Å"perfect† grades can actually be a deterrent to success. People not concerned with GPA tend to have higher GPA’s In a small study conducted at Cal State San Marcos, researchers found that students who were most concerned about GPA were more likely to have lower ones. While this could be due to some students’ confidence in their abilities, it could also be that a lack of stress about grades helped them to do better on tests and naturally increased their scores. Your GPA may depend on your personality Although everyone has to take tests, there is a certain group of people who seem to excel naturally when it comes to bumping up their GPA. In a study done at Rice University, students who were considered â€Å"conscientious† (disciplined and goal-oriented) had higher GPA’s overall. That means GPA’s may do a good job defining the work ability of certain types of students, but completely miss the qualities of students who are more laid back and people-oriented. 51% of MBA programs ding applications based on GPA Although 51% seems like a high number, it’s actually a good thing. What this means is that, while over half of MBA programs see GPA as in indicator of success, almost half think that it’s not a big deal. So depending on your program of choice, GPA can either be a deterrent or a non-issue. Schools with tougher grading policies produce almost 60% fewer successful MBA applicants Schools who participate in grade inflation may not be as honest as others, but they have more students who are accepted into post-graduate programs. In fact, research published in PLOS One showed that students from schools with stringent grading policies (i.e., they only gave out 10% A’s) had only 12% of their applicant’s accepted. Schools with inflated grades were accepted 72% of the time – often because the school in question was seen as prestigious. Basically, it’s important to do your best in school – but don’t put too much emphasis on your GPA. Instead of fretting about how you can get that A+ rather than an A, focus on the additional value you can bring to your school and career. A person who has proven to be a creative, innovative self-starter is going to be much more attractive than a super-smart person who only knows how to take a test. Hows your GPA doing? Are you worried about your grades at the moment? Do you have some GPA success formula? Tell us more, dont be shy!

Cell Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cell Biology - Essay Example They found out that when antibodies of GRASPs were introduced, daughter cells resulting from mitosis had improper stacking of cisternae membranes. Nonetheless, the findings have been inconclusive due to other studies using equally logical and accepted techniques. The studies conducted by other scientists employing gene knockout (removal of gene responsible for GRASP production) and siRNA depletion on animal cells, such as that of Behnia et al (2007), have shown that proper stacking occurred even in the absence of GRASPs. General protein secretion was also unencumbered. Furthermore, the absence of GRASPs in plants has not prevented them from acquiring proper stacking of the cisternia membranes. It is in the confusion regarding the true physiological function of the GRASPs that Kutzen and his colleagues conducted their study. They sought an explanation on why GRASPs exists by determining and establishing its role in cellular development. The authors present a new perspective on the physiological role of GRASPs. They contend that these proteins are not needed for conventional protein secretion, growth (i.e. stacking) and viability of vegetative cells. Their importance lies in making sure that AcbA, a protein that initiates spore differentiation, are secreted. Since AcbA lacks a signal sequence for its transport to the site where terminal differentiation occurs, GRASPs present an unconventional mechanism that facilitates the secretion and transportation of AcbA. Since spore differentiation ultimately results to fruiting bodies containing mature spores, GRASPs can be thought of as necessary for the reproductive mechanism of the cell and not the stacking of the membranes. 3.0 Major Findings Thru the use of cells of Dictyostelium, a type of mold, the authors found that GRASPs are not necessary for insuring cell growth and viability. This was the result of comparing the Golgi structure of cells containing GRASP and those without thru the use of immunoflourescence microscopy. The structure, even the stacking of the Golgi membranes, was similar for both cases. In proving their hypothesis, the authors studied the prespore cell type of the mold. With molds that have GRASPs as the control and those without as the experimental variable, they were able to determine that the viability of the mature spores in the control was 100% as compared to the 25% of those negative for GRASPs. Digging deeper, the authors were able to determine that the decrease in viability was the result of the insignificant production of SDF-2, a major peptide factor necessary for proper spore formation. According to the Anjard and Loomis (2005), SDF-2 is generated in the cleaving of AcbA. The cleaving of the protein AcbA initiates a loopback process that ultimately results to a successful sporulation event. The question now that faced the authors was to determine how GRASPs affected the production of AcbA. After having conducted Western blot analysis on moulds which did not have GRASPs, they found that AcbA was still as abundant as that in normal conditions. The only logical

EQ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EQ - Essay Example Why? Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) has emerged as a highly significant and critical aspect of management after studies related to emotional intelligence gained pace in fields of psychology and management. Leading is an integral part of manager’s job, which requires the ability to influence others to achieve certain goals. In general, emotional intelligence may be referred to the ability of realising or understanding emotions of oneself and others coupled with the ability to put this understanding to use in managing self and others in a manner that produces desired outcomes. Emotions tend to have mental, social and physical impact on self and surroundings, which makes emotional intelligence a necessity in managing relationships and work. Though EI has received much attention from various researchers and scholars around the world, the most significant and renowned studies have been that of Daniel Goleman. Numerous models on EI and its application have been proposed; however, this paper briefly explores EI from Goleman’s (2003) perspective, which identifies four key components namely, self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management. Further, a short argument about the most important component will be presented before concluding with findings and opinions. Self-awareness: Self-awareness is the first component discussed in EI model, which refers to the ability of recognizing feelings and their impact on outcomes or performance. Goleman (2003) asserts that self-awareness helps in identifying one’s own strengths and weaknesses, which will further assist the individual in taking right steps towards goal achievement or bringing an improvement in expected outcomes. Self-awareness also encourages the individual to introspect and seek feedback; such individuals strive to learn from the feedback and also from their mistakes. Goleman’s (2003) studies indicated that most of the high performing candidates we re high on self-awareness index. Self-awareness also instigates individuals to assess the impact of their emotions on situations and others as well as on the outcomes. Self-management: Self-management refers to the process of controlling oneself and not showing too much of distress or other extreme feelings (Goleman, 2003). Self-management ability helps the individual to build the focus and achieve desired goals. Such individuals possess flexibility to adapt to any situation without getting affected by the changes. Social awareness: This third component refers to the ability to empathize with others and understand their situation without affecting their emotions in a negative manner. Social awareness skills help in developing others by positively motivating them while understanding their negative or disruptive state of mind. Higher social awareness drives greater service-oriented behavior, which is a critical quality for effective leadership from customer, subordinate and situation perspectives. Social awareness also refers to the ability to understand organizational mood or emotion, which will help in understanding and building interpersonal relationships by exerting the right and/or positive influence on others (Lynn, 2000). Relationship management: The last component is relationship management, which refers to the ability to influence, motivate and lead others towards the right direction. As Goleman (2003) explains, Individuals with high social awareness will be able to manage relationships

Leadership and Management Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Management Essay Education is a very important institution due to the role it plays in transmitting social skills and knowledge required of any member of the society (Hofman, Gray Daly, 2004). It is worth noting that the levels of development of a countrys education systems bears close correlation to the economic and social conditions that the said country will afford. It is therefore upon members of the society and the education system to ensure that members of the society achieve as much as possible from this system. High attainment in eduction is far much beneficial than low level education in the modern society due to the high level of educational attainment. A doctorate degree is currently what an undergraduate degree was in the 1990s (Hofman, Gray Daly, 2004). The level of educational attainment requires an individual to posses at least a masters degree to stand out among others. The need to stand above others and gain some advantage over them in the competitive job market is the main reason for my pursuance of a doctoral degree. In choosing educational leadership and management of higher institutions in Singapore the key consideration was my vocation. I have personally worked in the educational field in different capacity. Having served as an assistant head of international programs at Crestar institute, human resource management with a Christian association, lectured English at Kaplan city campus and being a full time consultant trainer at NTUC, my life has centred around management and higher institution of learning. Understanding the nature of higher education leadership and management in Singapore is therefore relevant to my career. Relevance of USQ Doctorate studies is about mastery and application of principles and theories studied in class. A doctorate graduate should be able to analyse and relate issues related to their area of specialisation by giving varied dimension. Doctorate graduates are expected to be above other levels not just in their approach to thinking but they must also display high levels of norms and values expected of the society (Mok, 2006). Mastery of principles that are relevant to the needs of the society, and the development of norms and values that are expected of the society are just but a few of the benefits expected of a USQ professional doctorate; it is thus clear that the program not only makes better specialists but also better members of the society by integrating the values of determination, team spirit and courage into the students. The role played by the education system just like any other social systems cannot be done by any other system. Propagation of social norms and development of skills that are relevant to the needs of the society are some of the objectives of the education system. Though the education systems is one of the oldest institution, the development of the higher educations sector in Singapore is a recent event. Singapores education system though quite organised as compared to its neighbours is faced with a number of challenges (Lee Fredriksen, 2008). Most challenges in the education system can be traced to the management and leadership of the education system. Despite the education system being a social systems it still falls prey to the effects of partisan politic. The involvement of the central government on educational matter cannot be avoided since the education system is under the governments care, however, the education system should be shielded from the negative effects of poor politics. Corruption lack of professional knowledge and nepotisms are some of the issue that affect the education systems at the low level. Researching on education management and leadership in higher education sector not only develops my research skills but also ensure awareness on issues that affect management and leadership of higher education sector and is therefore relevant to efficient delivery in future. Personal Capabilities Doctorate studies require good academic background and interest in the area of study. Determination defines me; level of education attainment and the nature of jobs that I have been involved in give me the experience and skills required to undertake a doctorate course. I am well versed in the management of the education system and problems faced by low level personnel like tutors and professors. My position places me in a situation where I can look at the issues from both the management and implementation level which is a capability that few have. My academic qualification is beyond question for I am a holder of a masters degree in education. I therefore possess the skills and qualification required of doctorate degree and there is no cause for worry on my abilities. Literature Review The education system thought critical to the development of the society is no stranger to controversy. Implementation of the education system goals has especially been under fire with some coming up with the view that the education system, just like any other social system is responsible for social reproduction (Kassem, Mufti Robinson, 2006). The education systems is seen by such critics as a tool used by those in power to ensure they maintain their position while disregarding the needs of the less empowered. It is quite true that commercialisation of education has led to increase in levels of educational attainment. Increase in levels of educational attainment is characterised by increase in the cost of acquiring higher education. The costs of education at a level that is relevant to the development of technical skills required by the job market is high and borders exploitation (Kassem, Mufti Robinson, 2006). Projection shows that the cost of education is likely to go up with increase in demand for education. This is blamed on commercialisation of education which has made it business like and therefore probe to the market forces of supply and demand the only differences being that the demand is always on a high. On the other hand, the commercialisation of education and strategies developed by the government and other stakeholders who are blamed for the problems facing education by social reproduction theorists is cited as the first step towards the development of the high education sector (Mok, 2006). Take China as an example, the reforms which included allowing privatisation of the higher education sector and formulation and implementation of cost sharing mechanism are cited as the key driving factors to the levels of development achieved (Mok, 2006).

Two Associations with the Unencumbered Self Essay -- Philosophy Philos

Two Associations with the Unencumbered Self The unencumbered self separates who I am from my attributes and desires. Rawls encounters the unencumbered self in proposing both the veil of ignorance and the difference principle; both separate the subject from the attributes and ends of the subject. Rawls denies both the utilitarian and libertarian views as practical solutions, and puts forward the veil of ignorance and difference principle as a third alternative. This paper will begin with briefly describing what Sandel considers the unencumbered self. I will outline utilitarianism and liberalism as theories Rawls rejects, as well as Rawls’ philosophy as a practical Kantianism. I will identify the unnecessary transition Rawls makes from the veil of ignorance, which has much merit, to the difference principle, which Sandel adequately dissolves. I will address Sandel’s critique and his fourth alternative, the moderately-encumbered self, and give my impression of a Rawlsian reaction to Sandel’s fourth alte rnative. In conclusion I hope to show that Rawls encounters the unencumbered self at the veil of ignorance as well as the difference principle, the former being both applicable and a contribution to political philosophy, and the latter being cogently refuted by Sandel. Sandel describes the unencumbered self as valuing the ability to choose one’s own ends, rather than valuing specific ends in themselves. The unencumbered self draws a line of distinction between me and my attributes and desires, and presupposes that no project or commitment could weigh so heavily for me that I would not know who I am without it. Who I am is permanently unchanging, but the ends I desire or the attributes which I possess may be constantl... ... a more moderate view, the moderately-encumbered self, it is one Rawls would not accept because of its deviation from Kantian sacrifice and duty. In presenting the veil of ignorance, Rawls gives us a means to arrive at categorically worthwhile and acceptable political theories by channeling our inherent selfishness into political philosophy. In presenting the difference principle, Rawls denies an individual’s right to prosper from his own assets because he claims our assets are all arbitrarily distributed, but he does not justify sharing with society one’s prosperity because that would also be equally arbitrary. Sandel presents an alternative that Rawls would reject because it is not in accord with Kantian duty and sacrifice. Works Cited Goodin, Robert and Philip Pettit. Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology. Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 1997.

A Woman’s Place Is In The House Essay

A woman’s place is in the house The place of woman was considered to be in the house almost since the beginning of time. Back then, women used to be the only ones responsible for the household and for the bringing up of their children. They lacked of sufficient education, as most of them never finished school and only a minority went to the university. And even if they did acquire a higher education, they scarcely had the same opportunities as men because they were considered inferior. Therefore, they were usually forced to bow their heads and accept the situation the way it was because they didn’t know how to defend themselves and clarify the truth. All this took place up to 1880,when women started to rebel and to demand the equality of rights between men and women. They began fighting for their right to vote, to have the same educational opportunities as men and to be judged by their knowledge and their education and not by their sex. It took them years to accomplish their goals but they finally made it. The emancipation of woman was and still is a fact. However, there still exists a considerable amount of people that believes that a woman’s place is exclusively in the house. This, assuming that the woman is a mother and therefore responsible before the members of her family. But are all women going to marry or be relegated to a life of inaction during their youth or while they remain single? Certainly not. Moreover, a schooled and scientific woman can understand her duties a lot better and is capable of completing them. A mother should know science in order to inspire her children in great deeds and noble sentiments, making them feel superior to the other objects in the universe, teaching them from the cradle to become familiar with the great scenes of nature. And nothing more ideal and sublime than the scientific mother, who goes to spend an evening at the astronomical observatory with her children by the hand to show them Jupiter, Venus, preparing in that way their tender hearts for the most legitimate aspirations that could occupy men’s minds. In addition, a working woman provides financial aid and consequently a larger amount of money can be spent in order to satisfy less essential needs, which will please the members of her family. But there are times when scientific women become indifferent and are not capable of giving tenderness because they are too preoccupied with themselves and become demanding, despotic and vain and do not know how to make a happy home. For them, there are no responsibilities to carry out, only whims to satisfy. Thus, women should find the golden section between the responsibilities before their family and their job in order to be happy and please their family at the same time. Besides, there’s enough time and competence for cooking and mending and a great soul such as that of women, equal to their mates, born to embrace all the beauty that exists in creation of divine origin and end, should not be wasted all on seeing if the plates are clean and the rocking cradle.

Early civilizations: Mesopotamia – China

The later Mesopotamia people who built a large empire based on a powerful army with iron weapons and who made extensive use of terror were the Assyrian 12. A Babylonian resurgence of power was led in the sixth century BCC by Nebuchadnezzar 13. Mesopotamia metal workers discovered that If they alloyed copper and tin they could produce bronze 14. Iron metallurgy came to Mesopotamia from the Hitters 15. The first people to use wheeled vehicles were the Sumerians 16.In Mesopotamia, prisoners of war, convicted criminals, and heavily indebted individuals were the here main sources for slaves 17. Mesopotamia developed into a strict patriarchal society 18. Conditions for women In Mesopotamia grew increasingly worse over time 19. THe Mesopotamia style of writing was known as cuneiform 20. Ethical monotheism was in the tradition of the HEbrews 21 . Hebrew monotheism has its origins with Moses 22. The first simplified alphabet, containing only twenty-two letters, was created by the Phoenicians 23. Egyptian is not of Indo-European origin 24.Hatchets was a woman who ruled Egypt as pharaoh. 14. Women enjoyed the most freedom and opportunity was Egypt 15. In Cush, there is evidence of many female rulers 16. In Africa, iron metallurgy arose independently from the Hitters. 17. The Egyptians traded through the Red Sea with a land they called Punt, which was probably modern-day Somalia 18. The Greek words meaning â€Å"holy inscriptions† refers to hieroglyphs 19. Mercuric writing was a Nubian script that borrowed Egyptian hieroglyphs 20. The cult of Ammo-Re revered a combination of two gods associated with the sun 21 .Chi. 5 1 . The legendary founder of the Ixia dynasty, who constructed dikes and dams and organized flood controls projects, was King You 2. The legendary early Chinese sage- king who ordered the four seasons and established uniform weights, measures, and units of time was King Shun 3. Hang He takes its name from loess soil 4. The Hang He River was given the n ickname China's Sorrow 5. Mesopotamia: Tigris & Euphrates – Egypt: Nile – Harpoon: Indus – China: Hang He 6. The most important archaeological site from the Neolithic Hansson culture is Banjo 7. Hansson,Ixia, Shank, Chou 8.The first attempt to organize public life in China on al large scale occurred during he Ixia dynasty 9. The Shank rulers were strengthened by their control over the technological advantage of bronze 10. The Chinese copied their chariots from the Indo-Europeans 11. Ay was an important early capital city of the SHANK dynasty 12. The last capital city of the Shank Dynasty, which featured lavish tombs for the kings, was Yin 13. Chou dynasty laid the foundation for principles of agreement and political legitimacy. 14. THe Mandate of Heaven allowed the ruler to serve as a link between the heavens and the earth 15.Because of the immense size of the Chou Tate, its emperors were forced to rely on a decentralized system of government. 16. One of the rea sons for the eventual collapse of the Chou Dynasty was the inability of its emperors to control the production of iron 17. The â€Å"Period of the Warring States† refers to the chaotic last centuries of the Chou Dynasty 18. In ancient China, the group that presided at the rites and ceremonies honoring the spirits of departed ancestors was the patriarchal heads of the families 19. In regard to gaining or losing the Mandate of Heaven, the Chinese spoke of titan, an impersonal heavenly power 20.The Chinese began to make extensive use of writing during the Shank Dynasty 21 . In an effort to foretell the future, the Shank made use of oracle bones 22. The lines, â€Å"This young lady is going to her future home, And will order well her chamber and house† come from the Book of Songs 23. Many of the early CHinese literary works were destroyed by order of the first Sin emperor 24. The nomadic tribes to the north and west of CHina traded with the Chou but didn't imitate Chinese ways 25. The powerful southern rival to the Chou were the Chug

Parish Nursing is a Fast Growing Trend †Nursing Studies Research Paper

Parish Nursing is a Fast Growing Trend – Nursing Studies Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Parish Nursing is a Fast Growing Trend Nursing Studies 100 Level Course) While parish nursing is a fast growing trend in congregational settings, its ideas on wholistic healthcare and functions of the parish nurse are still widely unknown. Parish nursings roots began centuries ago and is now planting the concepts of whole person health care in local congregations around the United States. Granger Westberg, a Lutheran minister, saw the need for preventative health care in the form of mind, body, and spiritual counseling. Centuries ago ancient Greeks and Romans perceived healing and religion as identical. Monks and nuns served as healers in religious orders such as the famous Sisters of Charity (McGee, 1998). The church was a place for the sick to come and be healed physically and spiritually. Many of the first hospitals were built and supported financially by congregations. Granger Westberg recognized the positive connection the church and hospital had together years ago and proposed the idea of having a professional registered nurse work in the congregation and set up a wellness clinic. Westberg tested his idea in poor neighborhoods with volunteer medical professionals and received positive reviews from community members, hospitals, and churches. The program gained popularity and thus spawned parish nursing in the United States in the late 1970s (Peterson, 1982). The term wholistic health care is fairly new and is often confused with holistic health care. While holistic health care focuses on working with peoples energy and involves practices such as acupuncture, wholistic health care focuses on a persons mind, body, and spirituality. Wholistic health care is centered on the belief that a persons spirituality and outlook on life is directly related to a persons health. Parish nursing is a way to encompass both the science of healthcare and the spirituality of religion. Granger Westberg believes parish nursing bridges the gap between religion and health (Mcgee, 1998). According to Solari-Twadell and Mcdermott in their book Parish Nursing-Promoting Whole Person Health Within Faith Communities, the philosophy behind this unique profession is that Parish nursing holds the spiritual dimensions to be central to the practice. It also encompasses the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of nursing practice. It focuses on the spirituality of the nurse and their skills experience. The book also outlines the seven functions of the parish nurse which include: integrator of faith and health, health educator, personal health counselor, referral agent, trainer of volunteers, developer of support groups, and health advocate. The beauty of parish nursing is the individual approach of nursing can be determined by the parish and thus it can serve his or her congregations special needs. While the American Nurses Association and Health Ministries Association have standards of practice for the profession of parish nursing, each parish nurse must individualize her focus of practice for their congregation to meet the communities individualized needs. One parish nurse describes her role, â€Å"It is not to provide hands on nursing, but to be a resource in the church community for problem solving in medical and or spiritual matters† (Lehman, 2004). Registered nurses interested in becoming a parish nurse must undergo the basic preparation which includes 30 hours of continuing education, orientation, meetings with congregations and health ministries. Classes in theology of health, history, philosophy, and working with churches are also recommended (Solari-Twadell and Mcdermott, 1999). As the profession of parish nursing has grown, standards of practice have been determined by the A.N.A. and H.M.A. which legitimize parish nursing as a profession. Many also argue that there should be a more structured for of education requirements for persons interested in becoming a parish nurse. Once a parish nurse enters a congregation they must perform a documented assessment on the congregational community. This assessment informs the parish nurse on the issues that are most important to the community and help the parish nurse to make an individualized plan of care. For example, if high blood pressure is a problem in the community the parish nurse can set up monthly blood pressure checks. The parish nurse isn’t the only person that needs to be educated, the pastor is a key component to the success of a parish nurse program and should be educated on the benefits parish nursing has on a community. It is important for the pastor and parish nurse to meet on a regular basis to discuss parishioners and improvements that can be made in the congregation. Individuality is an important characteristic for parish nurses. Each congregation has different needs and it is important for the parish nurse to recognize these needs and address them with full potential. Due to the individuality of congregations across the United States there are two basic types of parish nurse programs, the volunteer model and the paid model. Due to limited funds, many congregations have volunteer parish nurses that donate their time to the congregation a few hours a week. According to one journal article, Parish nurse special interest group: organizational framework for parish nursing, there are ups and downs to each model. The benefits of the volunteer model according to parish nurses include: â€Å"serves as a mean to use our expertise while serving our faith community, gives the parish nurse and faith community a chance to try out the program and it is affordable to the faith community.† Downs include: â€Å"availability limited by the amount of time t he parish nurse can devote, limits what the faith community can ask of the parish nurse, and the question of the accountability of the volunteer vs. the paid parish nurse† (Parish nurse special, 2001). Whether volunteer or paid, a parish nurse program benefits any congregation. As parish nursing continues to grow as a profession, educational standards and models of framework will improve and the success of parish nurse programs will flourish. Parish nursing is a profession dedicated to serving the whole person including mind, body, and spirit and would be a benefit to any faith community. 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How a Solid Propellant Rocket Works

How a Solid Propellant Rocket Works Solid propellant rockets include all of the older firework rockets, however, there are now more advanced fuels, designs, and functions with solid propellants. Solid propellant rockets were invented before liquid-fueled rockets. The solid propellant type began with contributions by scientists Zasiadko, Constantinov, and Congreve. Now in an advanced state, solid propellant rockets remain in widespread use today, including the Space Shuttle dual booster engines and the Delta series booster stages. How a Solid Propellant Functions Surface area is the amount of propellant exposed to interior combustion flames, existing in a direct relationship with thrust. An increase in surface area will increase thrust but will reduce burn-time since the propellant is being consumed at an accelerated rate. The optimal thrust is typically a constant one, which can be achieved by maintaining a constant surface area throughout the burn. Examples of constant surface area grain designs include: end burning, internal-core, and outer-core burning, and internal star core burning. Various shapes are used for the optimization of grain-thrust relationships since some rockets may require an initially high thrust component for takeoff while a lower thrust will suffice its post-launch regressive thrust requirements. Complicated grain core patterns, in controlling the exposed surface area of the rockets fuel, often have parts coated with a non-flammable plastic (such as cellulose acetate). This coat prevents internal combustion flames from igniting that portion of fuel, ignited only later when the burn reaches the fuel directly. Specific Impulse In designing the rockets propellant grain specific impulse must be taken into account since it can be the difference failure (explosion), and a successfully optimized thrust producing rocket. Modern Solid Fueled Rockets Advantages/Disadvantages Once a solid rocket is ignited it will consume the entirety of its fuel, without any option for shutoff or thrust adjustment. The Saturn V moon rocket used nearly 8 million pounds of thrust that would not have been feasible with the use of solid propellant, requiring a high specific impulse liquid propellant.The danger involved in the premixed fuels of monopropellant rockets i.e. sometimes nitroglycerin is an ingredient. One advantage is the ease of storage of solid propellant rockets. Some of these rockets are small missiles such as Honest John and Nike Hercules; others are large ballistic missiles such as Polaris, Sergeant, and Vanguard. Liquid propellants may offer better performance, but the difficulties in propellant storage and handling of liquids near absolute zero (0 degrees Kelvin) has limited their use unable to meet the stringent demands the military requires of its firepower. Liquid fueled rockets were first theorized by Tsiolkozski in his Investigation of Interplanetary Space by Means of Reactive Devices, published in 1896. His idea was realized 27 years later when Robert Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket. Liquid fueled rockets propelled the Russians and Americans deep into the space age with the mighty Energiya SL-17 and Saturn V rockets. The high thrust capacities of these rockets enabled our first travels into space. The giant step for mankind that took place on July 21, 1969, as Armstrong stepped onto the moon, was made possible by the 8 million pounds of thrust of the Saturn V rocket. How a Liquid Propellant Functions Two metal tanks hold the fuel and oxidizer respectively. Due to properties of these two liquids, they are typically loaded into their tanks just prior to launch. The separate tanks are necessary, for many liquid fuels burn upon contact. Upon a set launching sequence two valves open, allowing the liquid to flow down the pipe-work. If these valves simply opened allowing the liquid propellants to flow into the combustion chamber, a weak and unstable thrust rate would occur, so either a pressurized gas feed or a turbopump feed is used. The simpler of the two, the pressurized gas feed, adds a tank of high-pressure gas to the propulsion system. The gas, an unreactive, inert, and light gas (such as helium), is held and regulated, under intense pressure, by a valve/regulator. The second, and often preferred, solution to the fuel transfer problem is a turbopump. A turbopump is the same as a regular pump in function and bypasses a gas-pressurized system by sucking out the propellants and accelerating them into the combustion chamber. The oxidizer and fuel are mixed and ignited inside the combustion chamber and thrust is created. Oxidizers Fuels Advantages/Disadvantages Unfortunately, the last point makes liquid propellant rockets intricate and complex. A real modern liquid bipropellant engine has thousands of piping connections carrying various cooling, fueling, or lubricating fluids. Also, the various sub-parts such as the turbopump or regulator consist of separate vertigo of pipes, wires, control valves, temperature gauges, and support struts. Given the many parts, the chance of one integral function failing is large. As noted before, liquid oxygen is the most commonly used oxidizer, but it too has its drawbacks. To achieve the liquid state of this element, a temperature of -183 degrees Celsius must be obtainedconditions under which oxygen readily evaporates, losing a large sum of oxidizer just while loading. Nitric acid, another powerful oxidizer, contains 76% oxygen, is in its liquid state at STP, and has a high specific gravity―all great advantages. The latter point is a measurement similar to density and as it rises higher so to does the propellants performance. But, nitric acid is hazardous in handling (mixture with water produces a strong acid) and produces harmful by-products in combustion with fuel, thus its use is limited. Developed in the second century BC, by the ancient Chinese, fireworks are the oldest form of rockets and the most simplistic. Originally fireworks had religious purposes but were later adapted for military use during the middle ages in the form of flaming arrows. During the tenth and thirteenth centuries, the Mongols and the Arabs brought the major component of these early rockets to the West: gunpowder. Although the cannon, and gun became the major developments from the eastern introduction of gunpowder, rockets also resulted. These rockets were essentially enlarged fireworks which propelled, further than the longbow or cannon, packages of explosive gunpowder. During the late eighteenth century imperialistic wars, Colonel Congreve developed his famed rockets, which trave range distances of four miles. The rockets red glare (American Anthem) records the usage of rocket warfare, in its early form of military strategy, during the inspirational battle of Fort McHenry. How Fireworks Function A fuse (cotton twine coated with gunpowder) is lit by a match or by a punk (a wooden stick with a coal-like red-glowing tip). This fuse burns rapidly into the core of the rocket where it ignites the gunpowder walls of the interior core. As mentioned before one of the chemicals in gunpowder is potassium nitrate, the most important ingredient. The molecular structure of this chemical, KNO3, contains three atoms of oxygen (O3), one atom of nitrogen (N), and one atom of potassium (K). The three oxygen atoms locked into this molecule provide the air that the fuse and the rocket used to burn the other two ingredients, carbon and sulfur. Thus potassium nitrate oxidizes the chemical reaction by easily releasing its oxygen. This reaction is not spontaneous though, and must be initiated by heat such as the match or punk.

Analysis of Articles about the Racism in the US Annotated Bibliography

Analysis of Articles about the Racism in the US - Annotated Bibliography Example Lamberth, John. â€Å"Driving While Black: A Statistician Proves That Prejudice Still Rules the Road.† Race, Ethnicity, and Policing: New and Essential Readings. Eds. Stephen K. Rice and Michael D. White. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2010. 32-36. Print. In this article, which was originally published in the Washington Post, John Lamberth sheds light on the phenomenon referred to as DWB (Driving While Black). He uses statistics obtained from data that he and his team collected on the New Jersey Turnpike, as well as the data made available to him regarding I-95 in Maryland, to show that blacks are 16.5 times more likely to be stopped than non-blacks on the New Jersey Turnpike. Jefferson, Thomas. From â€Å"Notes on the State of Virginia.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. 7th ed. Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007. 486-490. Print. Thomas Jefferson, a noted founding father of the United States, in this excerpt from his essay, lays out a case about the inferiority of the blacks when compared with the whites. He lays down that blacks are, by nature, inferior to whites and, therefore, even after they are granted freedom (keeping in mind that this was written when slavery was the norm), they are not to be removed from the society so as not to be able to mix their blood with the whites, that is to say, to procreate with the whites. Steele, Shelby. â€Å"I’m Black, You’re White, Who’s Innocent?† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. 7th ed. Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2007. 530-540.