The Rights Of The United States - 1690 Words

John F. Kennedy once said, â€Å" Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.† Indeed throughout the course of U.S. history, people’s liberty has been emphasized as one of the most important rights of American people. Liberty is understood as a basic right of freedom to which everyone can engage in certain actions without control or interference by a government or other power. Based on that principle, selective incorporation is a process of constitutional law in which some provisions of the Bill of Rights are nationalized to the states through the nationalization of Fourteenth†¦show more content†¦To clarify, Near was accused of violating a law because he revealing wrongdoings of the local government. Moreover, trial judge issued an injunction â€Å"preventing Near from publishing the newspaper in t he future† (â€Å"Near†). As one can see, Minnesota officials felt the need to stop and prevent someone from incriminating their misconducts. But obviously, their decision has violated Near’s freedom of press which states have to obey due to â€Å"Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment† (â€Å"Near†). At the end, Near appealed the case to the U.S. Supreme Court; finally, the court â€Å"voted 5–4 to declare the Minnesota Gag Law unconstitutional â€Å"(â€Å"Near†). It is important to realize that because of the process of selective incorporation, the federal government has the duty to reinforce states in protecting their people’s liberty. Similar to Near v. Minnesota, selective incorporation had helped Lawrence Robinson win the case of Robinson v. California in which the Supreme Court’s decision regarded of the Eighth Amendment, the cruel-and-unusual-punishment clause. The issue occurs when Robinson was â€Å" searched and questioned† by Officer Brown â€Å"on the streets of Los Angeles† even

The Legal Intervention And Deviance Essay - 1394 Words

Legal Intervention and Deviance Deviance is a concept that is inevitable in society because the citizens of the United States have the freedom to do as they please, as long as it doesn’t break the law. New norms and deviant acts are being created and modified over time. Since everyone has their owns beliefs on how they should live their lives, the U.S. has a diverse way of living. Deviance comes natural when people do not follow what we think are our social norms are, whether it is having multiple wives, exotic dancing, or stealing. However, the law comes into play vividly when the rules are broken even if it’s a religion. Throughout this paper religious beliefs, cyberspace, and types of intervention will be examined through the concept of deviance. The difference between informal deviance and formal deviance explains what makes a deviant act punishable by the law. What is considered deviant to one person, may not be deviant to another person, with the every changing view on deviance there comes a cla sh in what is and what isn’t deviance. The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints was once home to nearly 800 people who all answered to Warren Jeff. Warren Jeff was the leader of a secret community that lived under rich religious beliefs. This temple was referred to as Yearning for Zion Ranch, where Mormons could live peacefully in a nontechnology society. This Mormon community grew their own food, had their own schools, and their own beliefs. The coreShow MoreRelatedPolice Subculture Deviance Enters Into Law Enforcement1562 Words   |  7 PagesKappeler, Sluder, Alpert (1998) explain that through the police subculture deviance enters into law enforcement. The police character that is developed can be attributed to several paradigms such as psychological, sociological, and anthropological. The individual personalities of an officer and the authoritarian personality, characterized by cynicism, aggression, and conservatism, is that the psychological paradigm analyzes (p. 85). The socialization pro cess which officers experience when theyRead MorePolice Subculture Deviance Enters Into Law Enforcement Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesKappeler, Sluder, Alpert (1998) explain that through the police subculture deviance enters into law enforcement. The police character that is developed can be attributed to several paradigms such as psychological, sociological, and anthropological. The individual personalities of an officer and the authoritarian personality, characterized by cynicism, aggression, and conservatism, is that the psychological paradigm analyzes (p. 85). The socialization process which officers experience when theyRead MoreFour Basic Elements Of Hirschis Social Bond Theory795 Words   |  4 Pagessocietal expectations. Commitment has to do with one’s social capital, and how invested they are in their future. Strain theory explains the element of commitment, one with â€Å"much to lose† would lack deviance when compared to someone who has not lives up to societal expectations. Lack of commitment leads to deviance because a delinquent individual essentially has â€Å"nothing to lose.† The concept of involvement has to do with one’s involvement in socially accepted activities, such as employment. InvolvementRead MoreThe Medicalization of Deviance and Overview of Mental Health Courts1716 Words   |  7 Pages Medicalization of deviance in the United States (U.S.) over the years has expanded as medicine has become the main response to deviance through the use of therapeutic social control. Medicalization is referenced to in criminal justice as one of the ways of explaining deviance and is used to determine the responsibility of an offender. Deviance characterizes behaviors and actions that violate social norms and is seen as having an illness or a disease needing treatment. Therapeutic social controlRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Has Become A Norm And A Status Code1606 Words   |  7 Pagespoint putting up their children into a better shape, where a child grows up to contribute to their upbringing. This is a sociological theory that has been designed to help to put individuals in the rightful way that nothing will push any child to do deviance, crime or anything that may go against the norms of the society. Now, let us pay attention to this! If all that children see’s is to go to s hoplifting in order to have a daily bread, that is exactly what they will also do. Also if as that littleRead MoreWhat Is the Labelling Theory? 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If someone breaks these rules, they are labelled deviant. This essay will look at the implications of this view in regards to how crime is defined and recorded, and will also assess the effect this has on official criminal statisticsRead MoreThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Is Combating Drugs, Terrorism, and Criminal Activity529 Words   |  3 Pagesand legislation among member nations to develop programs to counter drug activity, crime, and terrorism. The last pillar is cooperation among member states through field-based projects. The work program also seeks to obtain a number of outcomes. 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This discussion talks about the insight and deviance, which violators of important social norms are therefore stigmatized. Hence, deviants are believed to be different from normal people and are set apart. When the social norms are violated, they could be tolerated or even ignored. However, important principles are discussed to help understand social deviance in sexual orientation. Therefore, understanding the link between homophobia and the gender role

J.R.R. Tolkien Research Paper Essay Example For Students

J.R.R. Tolkien Research Paper Essay â€Å"J. R. R. Tolkien. † On January 3rd, 1892, in the little town of Bloemfontein, South Africa, John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born to Arthur Tolkien and Mable Suffield. Just a few years earlier, Arthur Tolkien had to move to South Africa to take a job managing a bank, because his piano manufacturing business went under (Notable British Authors 12). Mable soon joined him and they had their two sons, Ronald and Hilary soon after. While in South Africa, Mable noticed young Ronald was starting to look unhealthy and very sick (Stade 8). She thought it would be best if she took Ronald back home. Grudgingly, Arthur let his wife and two young sons go back to England. Soon after Ronald, Mable, and Hilary left South Africa, Arthur Tolkien passed away, leaving the little family with almost no money (Stade 14). Mable taught her kids through home schooling, all the way through elementary school, teaching them many languages, such as Norse, Gothic, Finnish, and Welsh (Stade 23). These inspired Ronald to one day write his own languages. Sadly, when Ronald was only 12, his mother passed away from diabetes, leaving both her children as orphans (Stade 25). Father Francis Morgan agreed to take them into his orphanage (Notable British Authors 33). In that orphanage, Ronald met his future wife, Edith Bratt, whom was three years older (Notable British Authors 34). Father Morgan saw how smart Ronald was, and feared Edith would distract him from his school work, and cut off all communications until Ronald was 18 and had finished his studies (Stade 28). When he and Edith reunited in 1913, they found over the years that they had very little in common, but still on the night before his battalion was sent to France, Edith and Ronald were married (Stade 34). Through the years, Edith and Ronald had four children, the first born in November of 1917 (Shippey 78). In the privacy of his home Tolkien wrote many short stories for his children as bedtime stories. These eventually became one long story, and are known as The Silmarillion (Harvey 47). His children loved the stories, and asked him for another. The longest story he wrote for them is one people all over the world know, The Hobbit (Harvey 26) He was encouraged to publish The Hobbit, and because of its quick and immense popularity, the publisher, Stanley Unwin Firm, immediately asked for a sequel (Stade 67). While Tolkien was happy to oblige, it did take him quite a while to write (Stade 84). His sequel is what we know today as The Lord of the Rings trilogy. When Tolkien gave Unwin his novel, it was all one book (Stade 85). Tolkien then split into three separate parts, to ensure there wouldn’t be risk for the publisher if the book fell through (Stade 85). Though, Tolkien shouldn’t have feared anything, because, by 1965, the trilogy had an almost cult like following on college campuses and other schools (Harvey 64). From 1925-1959, Tolkien edited the 14th century romance novel, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, along with E. V. Gordon. Although Tolkien was just the editor and translator, he is often seen as the author on many copies of this book, and its sequels (Chronology of J. R. R. Tolkiens Life). Beowulf: The Monsters and Critics was a lecture Tolkien wrote in 1963 and was published in Proceedings of the British Academy later that year. It has been revered as one of the most informative lectures in the studies of Beowulf, and is useful to anyone wishing to learn more about the classic poem (Chronology of J. R. R. Tolkiens Life). Tolkien’s most famous works are most definitely The Lord of the Rings trilogy, The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. It is the story of Frodo Baggins, the â€Å"nephew† of Bilbo Baggins and the bearer of the One Ring of Power. .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c , .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c .postImageUrl , .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c , .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c:hover , .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c:visited , .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c:active { border:0!important; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c:active , .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e5f797b82998ea2b520350beecbbe7c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dumpster Diving Literary Analysis EssayHe takes the quest to destroy the ring at Mount Doom, to make sure the ring can never corrupt anyone again (Harvey 124). Tolkien started writing his languages for The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings before he even started thinking of writing a book (Stade 98). When Ronald and his younger brother Hilary were homeschooled in England, Ronald always enjoyed anything concerning language (Stade 99). When he was very young, his mother noticed that if she mentioned anything new about language, Ronald picked up on it immediately. Not only could he read at the young age of four, but he could write proficiently, and Mable had been teaching him Latin (Stade 102). He loved learning the meaning of the new word almost as much as he loved learning the word itself. While he was still young, he earned a full scholarship to King Edward’s school in Birmingham (Stade 112). After elementary schooling, Ronald moved on to receive his Bachelor’s degree in English from Oxford in 1915. While in Oxford, Tolkien studied classics, but finally concentrated on language and literature (Stade 126). He attended Oxford on a scholarship he won, trying to escape lower and middle class, knowing that’s where he’d be stuck if he didn’t get a higher education. Tolkien wanted to make sure he finished his bachelor’s degree before enlisting in the military, so he had something to fall back on when the war ended. In deciding to stay back and finish his education before enlisting in the army, Ronald took a lot of grief from his family, friends, and everyone around him. When Tolkien did enlist, he received a commission as a second lieutenant and trained as a signal officer. In March of 1916, Tolkien’s battalion received word that they were being sent to France (Stade 147). On the eve of their deportation, Ronald and Edith Bratt were married, because he feared he may not have the health to do it when he returned. In France, Tolkien fought in the Battle of Somme, a battle that claimed over 600,000 British soldier’s lives, though thankfully Tolkien was not harmed (Stade 154). However, in November of 1916, Tolkien had to be evacuated back to England with a horrible case of Trench Fever. Although his recovery was slow, his health did recover. Ronald Tolkien, however, never returned to the battlefield (Stade 158). In 1920, after recovering from Trench Fever, Ronald was appointed to be reader in the English Language at Leeds University (Notable British Authors 213). While there, he, with the help of E. V. Gordon, edited a well known version of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Notable British Authors 215). Editing Sir Gawain and the Green Knight helped to gain the attention at Oxford and he soon became the Professor of Anglo-Saxon (Stade 237). Tolkien taught at Oxford for 34 long years, which he cherished very much. His students often described him as â€Å"eccentric and often incomprehensible lecturer, but dedicated to helping advanced students learn more than they were offered. † (Stade 239). Tolkien’s most significant academic achievement was at the Gollancz Memorial Lecture at the British Academy in November 1936, when he released Beowulf: The Monsters and Critics (Stade 341). It was very influential in establishing the great old poem into the Anglo-Saxon world. On November 29, 1971, Edith Bratt Tolkien died, and was buried in Wolvercote Cemetery, in Oxford (Stade 412). When she died, Ronald had the name Luthien engraved onto her headstone, following after her name (Stade 413). Twenty-one months later, when Ronald died, he had Beren engraved on his stone, signifying two characters in his books that were joined together (Stade 416). Their grave stones read as follows: Edith Mary Tolkien, Luthien, 1889–1971. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, Beren, 1892–1973 (Stade 418). John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was eighty-one, and Edith Mary Bratt Tolkien was eighty-two. They were buried, side by side, in Wolvercote Cemetery (Stade 419).

Predictive Policing Law Enforcement and Technology free essay sample

Law Enforcement and Technology Since 2009, the idea of predictive policing, or the use of advanced statistical analysis and data to make policing decisions, has become widely used in the united States. Predictive policing is the perfect tool to help Law enforcement agencies become more efficient as budgets continue to be reduced. With predictive policing, we have the tools to put cops at the right place at the right time or bring other services to impact crime, and we can do so with less, (Canon 2009).On the other hand, predictive logging will hold officers accountable for tackling and decreasing crime and those who fail to do so could have adverse effect on hisher career (Willis, Mastiffs Whispered, 2003). COMPACTS, also short for computer statistics, is a system which implements the four basic information system (IS) functions which are input, processing, output, and feedback. Although the application of information technology has been able to help reduce crime, it is quite defere nt than random patrol tactics used by police departments. We will write a custom essay sample on Predictive Policing: Law Enforcement and Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To successfully compare and contrast the use of information technology (IT) to optimize police departments performance to reduce crime versus unplanned street patrols, we have to look at exactly what IT is offered to police now. The definition to predictive policing is given as any policing strategy or tactic that develops and uses information and advanced analysis to inform forward- thinking crime prevention.COMPACTS, as an information system (IS), implements the four basic IS functions as follows: The Input function data Is gathered and entered Into the database. This Is the building block of COMPACTS It contains information compiled from various sources like police incident reports, arrest reports, suspect briefing report, phone calls, and field interview reports. The keying the input data into the Incident Reporting System where it is maintain as a database for future reference.Crime analysts are responsible for inputting the data and are responsible for their accuracy. Data erro rs could be discovered as a result of the close collaboration among members of the CA, who were familiar with the geography and nature of crime In their scales; and District commanders would report discrepancies twine what they had read in their officers reports and the materials the CA had prepared for Compacts. (Willis et al. , 2004).The processing function is the same as effective tactics because after command and staff officers are in possession of timely and accurate intelligence, they are accountable for the creation, development, and implementation of crime reduction strategies and action plans for the purpose of maligning the Identified crime or risk management problems. Data Is transformed, converted and analyzed for analysis (Godson, 2012). Additionally by using Geographic Information Systems units depended upon police incident and arrest reports for their crime data, but they also used Computer-Aided Dispatch data to help identify geographic hot spots.The output function is the same as rapid deployment because Once an Issue has been identified and appropriate resources have been formulated Into a tactical plan, command personnel must rapidly deploy function is the same as relentless follow up and assessment because As Jack Maple stated about the Compacts process, Mimi can only ex pect what you inspect. A feedback mechanism is put into place to assist with monitoring and controlling operations. (Godson, 2012). Knowledge from previous errors should never be circumvented.Constantly working at innovation and integration with new technology to keep the system up to date can provide better outcomes. Constant assessment of performance and shortage of accomplishing goals should be reviewed so that corrective action can be taken meet desired results. Predictive Policing SOOT Analysis Predictive Policing strength allows resources to be used more efficiently because they an be deployed to specific locations in which crimes are likely to occur and for specific types of crimes.In this regard, it is also easier to prevent crime from occurring as opposed to merely responding to it (Goode, 2011). Improving the algorithms and more data collected the predictions will be more accurate. Predictive policing weaknesses are often treated as being solely related to the use of computers and data to the detriment of involving front-line police officers in the decision-making process. This can result in police officers feeling both disrespected and unimportant n performing police work (Willis, Mastiffs Whispered, 2003).The weakness in predictive policing could be rogue officers. Reports misfiled, misclassifying crimes, officers are not completing reports, and reporting a series of offenses as a single event. Predictive policing opportunities provide for the opportunity for police departments to reduce criminal activity at a lower cost to taxpayers. Police departments can prevent crime from occurring rather than using limited resources to respond to crimes once they have occurred and hoping responses will deter other criminals (Perusal, 2010).Predictive policing threats are primary related to some police officers, mainly the, I hate computers, older police officers, are unconvinced of the use of statistics and data in place of human element is not trustworthy. This could result in predictive policing not being as successful as it can possibly be. In conclusion, predictive policing can result in a reduction in crime by predicting where it will happen rather than reacting to it once it has occurred. The predictive policing assurances calculable results, including crime reduction and more effective law enforcement agencies.